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        <title xml:lang="de">Vorwort der HerausgeberInnen: Die Auswahl von Vrančićs Briefen aus Istanbul für die Publikation und deren Relevanz</title>
        <title xml:lang="en">Editors’ foreword: The Selection of Vrančić’s Istanbul Letters for Publication and the Importance of their Publication</title>
        <title xml:lang="hr">Predgovor urednika: Odabir Vrančićevih Istanbulskih pisama za objavu i važnost njihovog izdavanja</title>
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        <author>
          <persName>Zrinka Blažević</persName>
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          <persName>Anđelko Vlašić</persName>
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            <forename>Gabrijela</forename>
            <surname>Martić</surname>
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            <forename>Stephan</forename>
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          <orgName ref="https://www.oeaw.ac.at/">Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Habsburg and Balkan Studies</orgName>
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          <orgName ref="https://gams.uni-graz.at">GAMS - Geisteswissenschaftliches Asset Management System</orgName>
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        <date when="2024">2024</date>
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        <title xml:lang="de">Digitale Edition von Quellen zur habsburgisch-osmanischen Diplomatie 1500–1918</title>
        <title xml:lang="en">Digital Scholarly Edition of Habsburg-Ottoman Diplomatic Sources 1500–1918</title>
        <title xml:lang="tr">Habsburg-Osmanlı Diplomasisi Kaynakları Dijital Edisyonu 1500–1918</title>
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        <title n="5" xml:lang="de">Projekt 5: Antun Vrančić’ Briefe aus Istanbul: Kroatische und englische Übersetzung ausgewählter Briefe (1553–1568)</title>
        <title n="5" xml:lang="en">Project 5: The Istanbul letters of Antun Vrančić: Croatian and English translation of selected Latin letters (1553–1568)</title>
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          <resp xml:lang="de">digital hg. von</resp>
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        <bibl xml:id="vr2018">Carigradska pisma Antuna Vrančića : hrvatski i engleski prijevod
               odabranih latinskih pisama = The Istanbul letters of Antun Vrančić : Croatian and
               English translation of selected Latin letters / urednici Zrinka Blažević, Anđelko
               Vlašić. (Istanbul: Oğuz Aydemir 2018)</bibl>
        <bibl xml:id="ver_vol3">Verancsics Antal, Összes munkái. 3. kotet. Első portai követség
               1553-1554 [Collected Works. Vol. 3. Mission to the Sublime Porte 1553-1554] (ed.
               László Szalay), Eggenberger Ferdinand, Budimpešta, 1858</bibl>
        <bibl xml:id="ver_vol4">Verancsics Antal, Összes munkái. 4. kotet. Első portai követség
               1555-1557 [Collected Works. Volume 4. Mission to the Sublime Porte 1555-1557] (ed.
               László Szalay), Eggenberger Ferdinand, Budimpešta, 1859</bibl>
        <bibl xml:id="ver_vol5">Verancsics Antal, Összes munkái. 5. kotet. Második portai
               követség 1567-1568 [Collected Works. Volume 5. Mission to the Sublime Porte
               1567-1568] (ed. László Szalay), Eggenberger Ferdinand, Budimpešta, 1860</bibl>
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               Stephan Kurz, in: Istanbul letters of Antun Vrančić (1553–68), hg. von Stephan Kurz
               (Digitale Edition von Quellen zur habsburgisch-osmanischen Diplomatie 1500-1918, hg.
               von Arno Strohmeyer, Projekt 5), Wien 2024.</p>
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      <div type="foreword">
        <div xml:lang="hr">
          <pb n="18" source="#vr2018"/>
          <head>Predgovor urednika</head>
          <head>Odabir <rs ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančićevih</rs> Istanbulskih pisama za objavu i važnost njihovog izdavanja</head>
          <p>Najveći dio rukopisne ostavštine <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Antuna Vrančića</rs> čuva se u Nacionalnoj knjižnici Széchényi u Budimpešti.<note n="1" type="editorial">Za više podataka o tome vidjeti: <bibl>
                <author rend="#caps">Diana Sorić i Milenko Lončar</author>, <title type="main">„Rukopisi <rs
                    ref="#mpr14174"
                  type="person">Antuna Vrančića</rs> (fol. lat. 1681.) iz Knjižnice Széchényi u Budimpešti”</title>, <title>Zbornik Odsjeka za povijesne znanosti Zavoda za povijesne i društvene znanosti Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti</title> 35 (2017), <biblScope
                  from="85" to="143" unit="page">85–143</biblScope>
              </bibl>.</note>
                  Ondje se nalaze i <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančićeva</rs> pisma koja je slao za vrijeme svojih istanbulskih misija, i koja još uvijek nisu objavljena u Hrvatskoj i u hrvatskom (ili engleskom) prijevodu. Zato se svako dosadašnje istraživanje istanbulskog dijela <rs
              ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančićeva</rs> života i rada moralo zasnivati na čitanju jedine objavljene verzije spomenutih pisama, a to je na izvornom latinskom jeziku i u mađarskom izdanju otprije 160 godina. <rs
              ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančićev</rs> cijeli spisateljski opus objavila je Mađarska akademija znanosti sredinom 19. stoljeća unutar serije naslovljene <title>Monumenta Hungariae Historica – Scriptores (Mađarski povijesni spomenici – Pisci)</title>. <rs
              ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančićeva</rs> djela objavljena su pod njegovim mađariziranim imenom Verancsics Antal i pod zajedničkim naslovom <title>Összes munkái (Sabrana djela)</title>. Ta su uzorna izdanja uredili László Szalay i Gusztáv Wenzel te su ih objavili u Budimpešti od 1857. do 1875. godine u dvanaest svezaka.<note
              n="2" type="editorial">Urednici ovom prigodom žele iskazati veliku zahvalnost kolegici doc. dr. sc. Diani Sorić s Odjela za klasičnu filologiju Sveučilišta u Zadru koja im je u svrhu pripreme ove knjige ljubazno ustupila digitalizirani primjerak spomenutoga izdanja.</note>
            <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić</rs> je najveći dio svojeg opusa napisao na latinskom jeziku, ali ima i talijanskih i mađarskih primjera.<note
              n="3" type="editorial">
              <bibl>
                <author rend="#caps">Castilia Manea-Grgin</author>, <title type="main">„Uvod”</title>, u: <title>
                  <rs ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Antun Vrančić</rs>
                </title>, <title>Historiografski fragmenti</title> (prev. Šime Demo, uvodnu studiju i bilješke uz prijevod napisala Castilia Manea-Grgin) (<pubPlace>Šibenik</pubPlace>: <publisher>Gradska knjižnica Juraj Šižgorić, </publisher>
                <date>2014</date>), <biblScope from="23" to="23" unit="page">23</biblScope>
              </bibl>.</note> Manji dio <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančićeva</rs> sačuvanog opusa sastoji se od poezije, govora, te crkvenih i historiografskih djela. Najveći dio njegove ostavštine zauzima bogata korespondencija koju čini gotovo osamsto pisama, i za koju se smatra da je najkvalitetniji dio njegova opusa u književnom smislu.<note
              n="4" type="editorial">
              <bibl>
                <author rend="#caps">Diana Sorić</author>, <title
                    type="main">„Pitanje datuma rođenja hrvatskog humanista i ugarskog primasa <rs ref="#mpr14174"
                  type="person">Antuna Vrančića</rs> (1504.–1573.)”</title>, <title>Croatica Christiana periodica</title>, <biblScope
                  from="39" to="39" unit="page">39</biblScope>/75 (2015), <biblScope from="40" to="42"
                  unit="page">40–42</biblScope>. <author rend="#caps">Petar Matković</author>, <title
                    type="main">„Putovanja po Balkanskom poluotoku XVI. vieka VI. Putovanje <rs ref="#mpr14174"
                  type="person">Antuna Vrančića</rs> g. 1553.”</title>, <title>Rad Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Razredi filologičko-historički i filosofičko-juridički, knj. 8</title> (1884), <biblScope
                  from="5" to="6" unit="page">5–6</biblScope>. <author rend="#caps">Lajos Tardy</author>, <title>Beyond the Ottoman Empire. 14th-16th Century Hungarian Diplomacy in the East</title> (<pubPlace>Szeged</pubPlace>: <publisher>Studia uralo-altaica, </publisher>
                <date>1978</date>), <biblScope from="10" to="11" unit="page">10–11</biblScope>. <author
                  rend="#caps">Manea-Grgin</author>, <title type="main">„Uvod“</title>, <biblScope from="21" to="70"
                  unit="page">21–70</biblScope>. <author rend="#caps">Pál Ács</author>, <title
                  type="main">„‘The Good and Honest Turk’. A European Legend in the Context of Sixteenth‐Century Oriental Studies“</title>, u: <title>The Habsburgs and their Courts in Europe, 1400–1700. Between Cosmopolitism and Regionalism</title>, ur. Herbert Karner, Ingrid Ciulisová i Bernardo J. García García (zbornik u elektroničkom izdanju, pristupljeno 16. veljače 2018.), http://www.courtresidences.eu/index.php/publications/e-Publications/#Volume 1, 2014., <biblScope
                  from="269" to="269" unit="page">269</biblScope>
              </bibl>.</note>
            <pb n="19" source="#vr2018"/>U okviru te korespondencije nalaze se i <rs ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančićeva</rs> istanbulska pisma, koja su objavljena u trećem, četvrtom i petom svesku spomenutoga mađarskog izdanja kako slijedi:</p>
          <p>a) <bibl>Verancsics Antal, Összes munkái. 3. kotet. Első portai követség 1553–1554 [Sabrana djela. 3. svezak. Poslanstvo pri Visokoj porti 1553.–1554.] (ur. László Szalay), Eggenberger Ferdinand, Budimpešta, 1858</bibl>.</p>
          <p>b) <bibl>Verancsics Antal, Összes munkái. 4. kotet. Első portai követség 1555–1557 [Sabrana djela. 4. svezak. Poslanstvo pri Visokoj porti 1555.–1557.] (ur. László Szalay), Eggenberger Ferdinand, Budimpešta, 1859</bibl>.</p>
          <p>c) <bibl>Verancsics Antal, Összes munkái. 5. kotet. Második portai követség 1567–1568 [Sabrana djela. 5. svezak. Drugo poslanstvo pri Visokoj porti 1567.–1568.] (ur. László Szalay), Eggenberger Ferdinand, Budimpešta, 1860</bibl>.</p>
          <p>Relativno je malen broj znanstvenih radova koji su se oslanjali na <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančićeva</rs> istanbulska pisma za potrebe oslikavanja društveno-političke situacije u jugoistočnoj i srednjoj Europi tijekom 16. stoljeća. Time je učinjena nepravda toj epistolarnoj građi, koja je neiscrpan izvor za istraživanje onovremenih diplomatskih odnosa habsburške i osmanske države.<note
              n="5" type="editorial">
              <bibl>
                <author rend="#caps">Matković</author>, <title
                  type="main">„Putovanja po Balkanskom poluotoku“</title>, <biblScope from="8" to="8" unit="page">8</biblScope>
              </bibl>.</note>
          </p>
          <p>Važno je istaknuti da ideja objavljivanja odabranih <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančićevih</rs> istanbulskih pisama nije potekla od strane urednika ovog izdanja, nego da je glavni poticaj i motivacija za ovaj znanstveni i kulturni projekt došla od strane g. Oğuza Aydemira, turskoga poduzetnika, filantropa i zaljubljenika u povijest i kulturu Osmanskoga Carstva. U posljednjih nekoliko godina tijekom kojih živi u Hrvatskoj, zemlji koju naziva svojim „drugim domom“, g. Aydemir je entuzijastično i neumorno djelovao na organiziranju velikog broja zanimljivih i vrijednih kulturnih aktivnosti, koje uključuju organizaciju izložbi i objavljivanje knjiga, a za cilj imaju obogaćivanje i jačanje kulturnih veza između hrvatskog i turskog naroda. G. Aydemir je, među ostalim, pomogao pri organiziranju izložbe o slavnom osmanskom kartografu Piriju Reisu, koja je predstavljena u Poreču, Zagrebu, Dubrovniku, Zadru i Šibeniku, te u Piranu u Sloveniji. <pb
              n="20"
              source="#vr2018"/>Njegovi drugi projekti uključuju objavljivanje knjige <title>Veliki osječki most / The Great Osijek Bridge</title> u suradnji s Hrvatskom akademijom znanosti i umjetnosti i Institutom za povijest umjetnosti 2014. godine, te knjige <title>Tragovi osmanske kulture u Hrvatskoj / Traces of Ottoman Culture in Croatia</title> zajedno s Anđelkom Vlašićem 2015. godine. Ponukan spoznajom da je prošlo 450 godina od nastanka istanbulskih pisama <rs
              ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Antuna Vrančića</rs> i da ona dosad nisu bila prevedena na hrvatski ili engleski jezik, g. Aydemir predložio je urednicima ovog izdanja da ponude javnosti uvid u njihovu povijesnu vrijednost tako što će objaviti paralelni hrvatski i engleski prijevod izabranih pisama iz <rs
              ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančićeve</rs> istanbulske korespondencije.</p>
          <p>Budući da diplomatska korespondencija <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Antuna Vrančića</rs> i njegovih suradnika nastala tijekom dvaju istanbulskih misija obuhvaća više stotina pisama upućenih raznim naslovljenicima, odabir onih najreprezentativnijih nije bilo nimalo lagan. Osim toga, velik broj pisama uvrštenih u spomenuta tri sveska <rs
              ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančićevih</rs> sabranih djela popraćeno je i odgovorima adresata, te bi za njihovo adekvatno razumijevanje bilo nužno donijeti cjelovit kronološki i tematski slijed korespondencije koja je – posebice kada je riječ o pismima upućivanim habsburškim carevima i njihovim odgovorima članovima istanbulskog poslanstva – gotovo svakodnevna. Stoga je kao temeljni kriterij selekcije pisama uvrštenih u ovo izdanje s jedne strane bila važnost statusa i funkcije adresata – i to ponajprije iz perspektive formalne strukture, ali i tematske dimenzije pisama – a s druge strane njihova sadržajna zaokruženost koja se reflektira i u preglednosti i sintetičnosti kao glavnim odlikama njihova jezičnog stila. Vodeći se navedenim kriterijima, urednici su naposljetku odabrali četiri diplomatska izvješća koja je <rs
              ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančić</rs> slao habsburškim carevima Ferdinandu I. i Maksimilijanu II. te jedno pismo upućeno zagrebačkom biskupu Pavlu Gregorijancu (?–1565.; zagrebački biskup 1550.–1554.).</p>

          <p>U prvom izvješću napisanom neposredno po dolasku u osmansku prijestolnicu u kolovozu 1553. godine, koje obaseže 35 stranica latinskoga teksta, <rs
              ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančić</rs> i njegov suradnik Franjo Zay podrobno izvješćuju cara Ferdinanda I. o tijeku pregovora sa sultanom Sulejmanom Veličanstvenim i njegovim vezirom Rustem-pašom u vezi s uvjetima sklapanja mirovnog sporazuma između Habsburške Monarhije i Osmanskog Carstva.</p>
          <pb n="21" source="#vr2018"/>
          <p>Pismo s nadnevkom 31. listopada 1554. godine <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić</rs> upućuje zagrebačkom biskupu Pavlu Gregorijancu. Na temelju vlastita iskustva višegodišnjeg boravka u Istanbulu, <rs
              ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančić</rs> u tom neformalnom i privatnom pismu pitoreskno oslikava javne ulične proslave kojima Osmanlije obilježavaju pobjede svojih sultana.</p>
          <p>U drugome izvješću iz mjeseca kolovoza 1557. godine habsburški diplomatski predstavnici <rs ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Antun Vrančić</rs>, Franjo Zay i Ogier de Busbecq na koncu svojega prvog istanbulskog poslanstva na pedesetak stranica podrobno informiraju kralja Ferdinanda I. o teškoćama pri sklapanju mirovnog ugovora sa sultanom Sulejmanom Veličanstvenim jer je osmanski vladar novi mirovni sporazum uvjetovao, među ostalim, rušenjem habsburške utvrde Siget.</p>
          <p>Treće i četvrto izvješće odnose se na aktivnosti habsburških poslanika tijekom drugog poslanstva u Istanbulu između 1567. i 1568. godine, a upućena su Ferdinandovu nasljedniku, caru Maksimilijanu II. Povod je i ovoga puta bio sklapanje mirovnog sporazuma i to sa Sulejmanovim nasljednikom Selimom II. Glavni pregovarač s osmanske strane bio je veliki vezir Mehmed-paša Sokolović, kojemu su, kako svjedoči priloženi popis troškova, habsburški poslanici donijeli vrlo vrijedne darove.</p>

          <p>Urednici ovog izdanja odlučili su odabrati upravo navedena pisma zbog toga što ona predstavljaju dragocjena svjedočanstva o habsburško-osmanskim političkim odnosima u drugoj polovici 16. stoljeća i pružaju izvrstan uvid u složene modalitete djelovanja osmanske diplomacije, što će zasigurno biti od velike važnosti za daljnja povijesna istraživanja habsburško-osmanskih interkulturnih kontakata tijekom ranoga novog vijeka. Izabrana pisma jednog od najistaknutijih hrvatskih intelektualaca 16. stoljeća pomažu današnjem promatraču u razumijevanju kompleksnosti tadašnjih političkih događaja, vanjske politike habsburške i osmanske države i njihova utjecaja na stanje u Europi – pogotovo onoj srednjoj i jugoistočnoj.<note
              n="6" type="editorial">
              <bibl>
                <author
                  rend="#caps">Marianna Daisy Birnbaum</author>, <title>Humanists in a Shattered World. Croatian and Hungarian Latinity in the Sixteenth Century</title> (<pubPlace>Columbs, Ohio</pubPlace>: <publisher>Slavica Publishers</publisher>, <date>1986</date>), <biblScope
                  from="231" to="232" unit="page">231–232</biblScope>. <author rend="#caps">Manea-Grgin</author>, <title
                  type="main">„Uvod“</title>, <biblScope from="23" to="23" unit="page">23</biblScope>
              </bibl>.</note>
          </p>
          <p>Urednici se nadaju da će ovim izdanjem istanbulski segment <rs ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančićeve</rs> korespondencije dobiti više pozornosti u hrvatskoj historiografiji i široj javnosti – onako kako i zaslužuje.</p>
          <signed>Zrinka Blažević / Anđelko Vlašić</signed>
        </div>
        <div type="translation" xml:lang="en">
          <pb n="18" source="#vr2018"/>
          <head>Editors’ foreword</head>
          <head>The Selection of <rs ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> Istanbul Letters for Publication and the Importance of their Publication</head>
          <p>The major part of the manuscript legacy of <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Antun Vrančić</rs> is kept in the Széchényi National Library in Budapest.<note n="1" type="editorial">For more details, see: <bibl>
                <author rend="#caps">Diana Sorić i Milenko Lončar</author>, <title type="main">„Rukopisi <rs
                    ref="#mpr14174"
                  type="person">Antuna Vrančića</rs> (fol. lat. 1681.) iz Knjižnice Széchényi u Budimpešti”</title>, <title>Zbornik Odsjeka za povijesne znanosti Zavoda za povijesne i društvene znanosti Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti</title> 35 (2017), <biblScope
                  from="85" to="143" unit="page">pp. 85–143</biblScope>
              </bibl>.</note> There can also be found <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> letters that he had sent during his Istanbul missions, and which still have not been published in Croatia, or in Croatian (or English) translation. Therefore any research of <rs
              ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> life and work in Istanbul was based on the only published version of the mentioned letters, this being in the original Latin language and in Hungarian edition, published 160 years ago. <rs
              ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> entire literary work was published by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in the middle of the nineteenth century within the series entitled <title>Monumenta Hungariae Historica – Scriptores (The Historical Monuments of Hungary – Writers)</title>. <rs
              ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> works were published under his Magyarized name Verancsics Antal and under a common title of <title>Összes munkái (Collected Works)</title>. These exemplary editions were edited by László Szalay and Gusztáv Wenzel and were published in Budapest between 1857 and 1875 in twelve volumes.<note
              n="2" type="editorial">The editors wish to express their gratitude to their colleague Asst. Prof. Diana Sorić of the Department of Classical Philology of the University of Zadar who kindly provided a digitalized copy of the mentioned edition for the purpose of preparing this book.</note>
            <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić</rs> wrote the largest part of his oeuvre in Latin, but there are also works in Italian and Hungarian.<note
              n="3" type="editorial">
              <bibl>
                <author rend="#caps">Castilia Manea-Grgin</author>, <title type="main">“Uvod“</title>, in: <title>
                  <rs ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Antun Vrančić</rs>, Historiografski fragmenti</title> (translated by Šime Demo, introductory study and notes in the translation written by Castilia Manea-Grgin) (<pubPlace>Šibenik</pubPlace>: <publisher>Gradska knjižnica Juraj Šižgorić, </publisher>
                <date>2014</date>), <biblScope from="23" to="23" unit="page">p. 23</biblScope>
              </bibl>.</note> A smaller part of <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> preserved oeuvre consists of poetry, orations, and ecclesiastical and historiographical works. The largest part of his written heritage consists of a substantial correspondence of nearly eight hundred letters, which is considered to be the most valuable part of his oeuvre.<note
              n="4" type="editorial">
              <bibl>
                <author rend="#caps">Diana Sorić</author>, <title
                    type="main">“Pitanje datuma rođenja hrvatskog humanista i ugarskog primasa <rs ref="#mpr14174"
                  type="person">Antuna Vrančića</rs> (1504.–1573.)“</title>, <title>Croatica Christiana periodica</title>, <biblScope
                  from="39" to="39" unit="page">39</biblScope>/75 (2015), <biblScope from="40" to="42"
                  unit="page">pp. 40–42</biblScope>. <author rend="#caps">Petar Matković</author>, <title
                    type="main">“Putovanja po balkanskom poluotoku XVI. vieka VI. Putovanje <rs ref="#mpr14174"
                  type="person">Antuna Vrančića</rs> g. 1553.“</title>, <title>Rad Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Razredi filologičko-historički i filosofičko-juridički, Vol. 8</title> (1884), <biblScope
                  from="5" to="6" unit="page">pp. 5–6</biblScope>. <author rend="#caps">Lajos Tardy</author>, <title>Beyond the Ottoman Empire. 14th-16th Century Hungarian Diplomacy in the East</title> (<pubPlace>Szeged</pubPlace>: <publisher>Studia uralo-altaica, </publisher>
                <date>1978</date>), <biblScope from="10" to="11" unit="page">pp. 10–11</biblScope>.<author
                  rend="#caps">Manea-Grgin</author>, <title type="main">“Uvod“</title>, <biblScope from="21" to="70"
                  unit="page">pp. 21–70</biblScope>. <author rend="#caps">Pál Ács</author>, <title
                  type="main">„‘The Good and Honest Turk’. A European Legend in the Context of Sixteenth‐Century Oriental Studies“</title>, in: <title>The Habsburgs and their Courts in Europe, 1400–1700. Between Cosmopolitism and Regionalism</title>, eds. Herbert Karner, Ingrid Ciulisová and Bernardo J. García García (e-proceedings book, accessed on February 16, 2018), http://www.courtresidences.eu/index.php/publications/e-Publications/#Volume 1, 2014, <biblScope
                  from="269" to="269" unit="page">p. 269</biblScope>
              </bibl>.</note>
          </p>
          <pb n="19" source="#vr2018"/>
          <p>A portion of this correspondence refers to <rs ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> Istanbul letters, which were published in the third, fourth and fifth volume of the aforementioned Hungarian edition:</p>
          <p>a) <bibl>Verancsics Antal, Összes munkái. 3. kotet. Első portai követség 1553–1554 [Collected Works. Vol. 3. Mission to the Sublime Porte 1553–1554] (ed. László Szalay), Eggenberger Ferdinand, Budimpešta, 1858</bibl>
          </p>
          <p>b) <bibl>Verancsics Antal, Összes munkái. 4. kotet. Első portai követség 1555–1557 [Collected Works. Volume 4. Mission to the Sublime Porte 1555–1557] (ed. László Szalay), Eggenberger Ferdinand, Budimpešta, 1859</bibl>
          </p>
          <p>c) <bibl>Verancsics Antal, Összes munkái. 5. kotet. Második portai követség 1567–1568 [Collected Works. Volume 5. Mission to the Sublime Porte 1567–1568] (ed. László Szalay), Eggenberger Ferdinand, Budimpešta, 1860</bibl>
          </p>
          <p>There is a relatively small amount of research that draws from <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> Istanbul letters for the portrayal of sociopolitical situation in Southeast and Central Europe in the course of the sixteenth century. Thus an injustice was done to this epistolary material, which is an inexhaustible source for the research of contemporary diplomatic relations between the Habsburg and the Ottoman empires.<note
              n="5" type="editorial">
              <bibl>
                <author rend="#caps">Matković</author>, <title
                  type="main">„Putovanja po Balkanskom poluotoku“</title>, <biblScope from="8" to="8" unit="page">p. 8</biblScope>
              </bibl>.</note>
          </p>
          <p>It is important to notice that the idea of publishing a selection of <rs ref="#mpr14174"
                type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> Istanbul letters did not come from the editors of this edition: the initiative and motivation for this scientific and cultural project stemmed from Mr. Oğuz Aydemir, Turkish entrepreneur, philanthropist and enthusiast of Ottoman history and culture. In the last few years of life in Croatia, whom he calls his “second home”, Mr. Aydemir has enthusiastically and tirelessly worked on organizing a great number of interesting and valuable cultural activities, which included the organization of exhibitions and publication of books with the primary goal of enriching and strengthening cultural ties between Croats and Turks. Mr. Aydemir, among other things, helped organize an exhibition on the famous Ottoman cartographer Piri Reis, which was presented in Poreč, Zagreb, Dubrovnik, Zadar, Šibenik, and Piran in Slovenia. His other projects include the publication of a book entitled <title>Veliki osječki <pb
                n="20"
              source="#vr2018"/>most / The Great Osijek Bridge</title> in cooperation with the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Institute of Art History in 2014, as well as the book <title>Traces of Ottoman Culture in Croatia / Tragovi osmanske kulture u Hrvatskoj</title> together with Anđelko Vlašić in 2015. Prompted by the realization that 450 years had passed since <rs
              ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Antun Vrančić’s</rs> Istanbul letter came into being, and that these have not been translated into Croatian or English language, Mr. Aydemir proposed to the editors of this book to offer the public insight into their historical value by publishing a parallel Croatian and English translation of the selected letters from <rs
              ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> Istanbul correspondence.</p>
          <p>Bearing in mind that <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Antun Vrančić’s</rs> and his associates’ diplomatic correspondence that came into existence during the two Istanbul missions encompasses several hundred letters sent to numerous addressees, the selection of the most representative ones was not an easy task. Furthermore, a large number of the letters contained in the aforementioned three volumes of <rs
              ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> collected works were accompanied by the addressees’ replies, so it was necessary to present the integral chronological and thematic correspondence list for an adequate understanding of the letters. The Istanbul correspondence – especially regarding the letters sent to the Habsburg emperors and their responses to the members of the Istanbul mission – is almost quotidian. Therefore, on the one hand, the basic criterion for the selection of the letters included in this edition was the importance of the status and function of the addressees – this firstly from the perspective of the formal structure, as well as the thematic dimension of letters – and on the other hand, the completeness of their content, which is also reflected in the clarity and syntheticity as the main qualities of their linguistic style. Guided by the mentioned criteria, the editors finally chose four diplomatic reports which <rs
              ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančić</rs> had sent to the Habsburg emperors <rs ref="#mpr7956"
              type="person">Ferdinand I</rs> and <rs ref="#mpr14157"
              type="person">Maximilian II</rs>, as well as a letter sent to the to <rs ref="#mpr19141" type="person">Pavao Gregorijanec</rs>, the Bishop of Zagreb (?–1565; Bishop of Zagreb 1550–1554).</p>
          <p>
            <ref target="/o:vrancic.l.15530901">In the first 35-page report, written in August 1553</ref>, <rs
              ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančić</rs> and his colleague, diplomat Ferenc <rs ref="#mpr17308"
              type="person">Ferenc Zay</rs>, thoroughly inform Emperor <rs ref="#mpr7956"
              type="person">Ferdinand I</rs> on the progress of the negotiations with Sultan <rs ref="#mpr16545"
              type="person">Süleyman I</rs> and his Grand Vizier <rs ref="#mpr17299" type="person">Rüstem Pasha</rs>, concerning the conditions of the peace treaty between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire.</p>
          <pb n="21" source="#vr2018"/>
          <p>
            <ref target="/o:vrancic.l.15541031">The letter dated October 31, 1554</ref> was sent by <rs ref="#mpr14174"
              type="person">Vrančić</rs> to the Bishop of Zagreb, <rs ref="#mpr19141"
              type="person">Pavao Gregorijanec</rs>. Based on his experience in Istanbul, <rs ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančić</rs> gave a picturesque description of the public festivities which the Ottomans threw to celebrate the victories of their sultans.</p>
          <p>
            <ref
              target="/o:vrancic.l.155708">In the second report, dated August 1557</ref>, Habsburg diplomatic representatives <rs
              ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Antun Vrančić</rs>, <rs ref="#mpr17308"
              type="person">Ferenc Zay</rs> and <rs ref="#mpr16875"
              type="person">Ogier de Busbecq</rs> give King Ferdinand I a detailed, fifty-page account of the difficulties of negotiating a peace treaty with Sultan <rs
              ref="#mpr16545" type="person">Süleyman</rs>, since the Ottoman ruler had made the destruction of the Habsburg fortress of Szigetvár a condition for the signing of the new peace agreement.</p>
          <p>The <ref target="/o:vrancic.l.155708">third</ref> and <ref
              target="/o:vrancic.d.1567-1568">fourth</ref> reports concern the activities of the Habsburg envoys during the second embassy in Istanbul, in 1567 and 1568, and the reports were sent to Ferdinand’s heir, Emperor <rs
              ref="#mpr14157"
              type="person">Maximilian II</rs>. The motive behind the mission was again a peace treaty, this time with Süleyman’s successor, <rs
              ref="#mpr14045" type="person">Selim II</rs>. The main negotiator on the Ottoman side was Grand Vizier <rs
              ref="#mpr19392" type="person">Sokollu Mehmed Pasha</rs>, to whom, according to the attached list of expenses, Habsburg emissaries brought very valuable gifts.</p>

          <p>The above letters were selected by the editors of this publication because they are valuable testimonies of the Habsburg-Ottoman political relations in the second half of the sixteenth century, offering us a marvelous insight into the complicated modes of action of Ottoman diplomacy. They will surely be of utmost importance for further historical research of Habsburg-Ottoman intercultural contacts during the early modern period. The selected letters of one of the foremost Croatian intellectuals of the sixteenth century help the present-day observer understand the complexities of sixteenth century political events, of the Habsburg and Ottoman foreign policy, and their influence on the situation in Europe – especially Southeast and Central Europe.<note
              n="6" type="editorial">
              <bibl>
                <author
                  rend="#caps">Marianna Daisy Birnbaum</author>, <title>Humanists in a Shattered World. Croatian and Hungarian Latinity in the Sixteenth Century</title> (<pubPlace>Columbs, Ohio</pubPlace>: <publisher>Slavica Publishers</publisher>, <date>1986</date>), <biblScope
                  from="231" to="232" unit="page">231–232</biblScope>. <author rend="#caps">Manea-Grgin</author>, <title
                  type="main">„Uvod“</title>, <biblScope from="23" to="23" unit="page">23</biblScope>
              </bibl>.</note>
          </p>
          <p>The editors hope that this edition of <rs ref="#mpr14174" type="person">Vrančić’s</rs> Istanbul correspondence will prompt attention in Croatian historiography and among the general public, attention which it undoubtedly deserves.</p>
          <signed>Zrinka Blažević / Anđelko Vlašić</signed>
        </div>
      </div>
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